|
 
 |
| ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE |
|
| Year : 2014 | Volume
: 27
| Issue : 3 | Page : 255-261 |
|
Online Faculty Development for Creating E-learning Materials
Virginia Niebuhr1, Bruce Niebuhr2, Julie Trumble3, Mary Jo Urbani4
1 Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Texas, USA
2 Department of Pediatrics, retired Associate Professor of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Texas, USA
3 Moody Medical Library, Faculty Associate, Head of Reference and Educational Services, University of Texas Medical Branch, Texas, USA
4 Educational Technologist and Systems Analyst, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Texas, USA
| Date of Web Publication | 26-Feb-2015 |
Correspondence Address:
Virginia Niebuhr
University of Texas Medical Branch,301 University Blvd,Galveston, TX, US 77555-1119
USA
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/1357-6283.152186
Background: Faculty who want to develop e-learning materials face pedagogical challenges of transforming instruction for the online environment, especially as many have never experienced online learning themselves. They face technical challenges of learning new software and time challenges of not all being able to be in the same place at the same time to learn these new skills. The objective of the Any Day Any Place Teaching (ADAPT) faculty development program was to create an online experience in which faculty could learn to produce e-learning materials. Methods: The ADAPT curriculum included units on instructional design, copyright principles and peer review, all for the online environment, and units on specific software tools. Participants experienced asynchronous and synchronous methods, including a learning management system, PC-based videoconferencing, online discussions, desktop sharing, an online toolbox and optional face-to-face labs. Project outcomes were e-learning materials developed and participants' evaluations of the experience. Likert scale responses for five instructional units (quantitative) were analyzed for distance from neutral using one-sample t-tests. Interview data (qualitative) were analyzed with assurance of data trustworthiness and thematic analysis techniques. Results: Participants were 27 interprofessional faculty. They evaluated the program instruction as easy to access, engaging and logically presented. They reported increased confidence in new skills and increased awareness of copyright issues, yet continued to have time management challenges and remained uncomfortable about peer review. They produced 22 new instructional materials. Discussion: Online faculty development methods are helpful for faculty learning to create e-learning materials. Recommendations are made to increase the success of such a faculty development program. Keywords: E-learning, faculty development, faculty learning community, learning objects, online learning
How to cite this article:
Niebuhr V, Niebuhr B, Trumble J, Urbani MJ. Online Faculty Development for Creating E-learning Materials. Educ Health 2014;27:255-61 |
| Background | |  |
Today's health professions learners expect their learning to be interactive [1] and the learning materials to be available online, delivered in small chunks [2] , accessible electronically and available any time and any place. Many health professions educators are challenged to meet these expectations because they do not have the skills to develop and deliver interactive e-learning materials and many have never experienced online learning themselves. Schaeffer concluded that the need to help faculty adapt to this new teaching environment is urgent:
Not enough emphasis has been placed on the individual learning needs of the faculty…with respect to these new teaching demands and professional skills. While it may be convenient to assume they will simply adapt to these new demands on their own (and on their own time), the reality is that only a very small percentage of our faculty can successfully and quickly adapt…without assistance of some sort…they must become students themselves. [3]
Robin and colleagues urged that schools need to support faculty as they adopt new technologies, [4] and acknowledged that "teachers themselves often realize that they have much to learn about using new technologies and that just converting their lecture notes to digital format is not enough." [5]
Educators seeking to develop e-learning materials may seek faculty development opportunities to acquire these skills. Traditional formats include workshops presented locally or at professional meetings, short courses, fellowships and faculty learning communities (FLCs). [6],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12] However, faculty often find participation challenging because of the requirements of same time same place attendance. Like their learners, they also want their faculty development opportunities to be available at any time and from any place. This challenge is especially severe for health professions faculty balancing clinical, teaching, and research responsibilities.
Another faculty development delivery option is the online method. The virtual or online FLC has been described as a model whereby faculty create a community but need not meet face-to-face. [3],[13] The online method has been increasingly used for professional development, [14],[15] medical education degree programs [16] and continuing education, [17],[18],[19] but much less reported for content-focused faculty development for health professions educators.
The Any Day Any Place Teaching (ADAPT) program was our response to the increased need for e-learning materials and to the time and place challenges for faculty development. We investigated the elements that could potentially contribute to a successful online faculty development program for creating e-learning materials.
| Materials and Methods | | |
The project was undertaken at an academic health center in the United States. ADAPT was a 12-month interprofessional faculty development program for health professions educators committed to creating learning objects (LOs) and where most learning occurred through any time, any place online methods. In ADAPT, we focused on the specific subset of e-learning materials termed LOs, defined as digital (thus Internet deliverable), shareable, reusable, teaching units. [20] Research efforts related to the program were approved by the university Institutional (Human Subjects) Review Board.
Recruitment
The ADAPT program was announced to the entire university faculty, across Schools of Medicine, Nursing, Health Professions, and Graduate Studies. Interested faculty completed an application requiring a project proposal and letter of support . ADAPTers were expected to produce at least one LO during the year and to complete surveys and interviews to contribute to the investigative goals of this project. The expectation was that the minimum amount of time for successful participation was 4-6 h per month.
Leadership Team
The leadership team for the project was an interprofessional group of five educators, skilled in curriculum development and computer applications. The team included four faculty and one staff member. The team met weekly over four years to plan and evaluate the program, develop the curriculum, build instructional materials and interact with the three cohorts. Team members received 5-35% salary support depending on their roles.
Materials
Headsets were given to ADAPTers for creating LOs and for participating in web-based discussions; webcams were provided as needed. Software taught to the ADAPTers were either university-licensed or free, required no html-coding or background in web-development, and allowed for creation of LOs with interactivity (e.g. navigation, searching, insertion of audio and/or quizzes). Software taught were Wimba Create or SoftChalk, Adobe Presenter and Windows Movie Maker.
Instructional Methods
The program kicked off annually with a 2-h group gathering, and afterwards, there were no required full group face-to-face activities. The ADAPT curriculum was a series of interactive online units, each including one to three modules, assignments, pre- and post-tests of knowledge and perceptions, and unit evaluations. Units were delivered through a course management system (Blackboard) in order to track participant access and to easily include links to evaluation surveys. Three units focused on concepts we considered critical for quality development of LOs: Instructional design, copyright issues and peer review, all specifically for the online environment. Additional units covered each of the software products being taught. Curriculum units are identified in [Table 1]. | Table 1: ADAPT curriculum: Interactive online units with modules, assignments, pre- and post-tests of knowledge and perceptions, and unit evaluations
Click here to view |
We tried a variety of technologies to foster synchronous and asynchronous online interactions among ADAPTers. For asynchronous communications, we primarily used email, but also tried the discussion board within Blackboard and use of a LISTSERV. For each cohort, we scheduled several synchronous web-based video conferences, using a virtual meeting room (i.e. Adobe Connect). To augment the online activities, we offered each cohort 10-12 optional computer labs and personal consultations. Individual consultations were offered face-to-face, by phone or by remote desktop sharing.
Evaluation
The evaluation was conducted using a mixed methods design of quantitative and qualitative data analysis.
Quantitative data collection and analysis
Participants were asked to evaluate each curriculum unit using Likert scale surveys distributed using SurveyMonkey linked within Blackboard. These evaluations included the impact of instructional materials on participant learning and participant assessment of the software tools. Each Likert scale item was scored as 1 to 5 for strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree or strongly agree. Mean scale scores were calculated for Instructional Design (10 items), Copyright (15 items), Peer Review (17 items), Wimba Create (17 items), SoftChalk (14 items), Adobe Presenter (8 items) and Video (20 items). To assess the distance from neutral, the differences between the mean scale scores and the neutral rating (3) were analyzed using the one-sample t-test (α =0.05).
Qualitative data collection and analysis
At the conclusion of the cohort year, face-to-face interviews were conducted with each ADAPTer, using a 10-question structured interview. Questions focused on their experiences with the structured parts of the program and their own independent work. Examples include "How have you applied anything you have learned from the Copyright unit?" and "Have you taught anyone something you have learned in ADAPT?"
Interviews, conducted by one of four authors, were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcriptions were qualitatively analyzed using methods outlined by Glicken [21] and Hanson et al. [22] Trustworthiness of the data was established through an iterative process: On Pass 1, each of the five authors read every transcript and highlighted significant statements; on Pass 2, each author sorted highlighted statements into meaningful groups and identified a working theme for each group; on Pass 3, all five authors compared themes, consolidated and renamed the themes by consensus; and on Pass 4, each author then re-sorted the statements into the new theme categories.
| Results | | |
Participants
ADAPTers were 26 faculty participating in cohorts between 2009 and 2012 (n = 8, 9, 10 for each cohort, with one faculty member participating in two cohorts). ADAPTers were interprofessional faculty teaching undergraduate and graduate students, residents and fellows. Faculty were appointed in the School of Health Professions (n = 2; 7.4%) Departments of Physician Assistant Studies and Occupational Therapy; School of Medicine (n = 21; 77.8%) Departments of Anesthesiology, Family Medicine, Microbiology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Pediatrics, Preventive Medicine and Community Health, Psychiatry, Surgery; and School of Nursing (n = 3; 11.1%). Faculty ranks were Instructor (n = 1; 3.7%), Assistant Professor (n = 10; 37.0%) Associate Professor (n = 6; 22.2%) and Professor (n = 10; 37.0%). ADAPTers had a variety of education leadership roles, including residency program directors, a department chair, clerkship directors and an assistant dean. Overall, 77.8% of participants were female. The mean age was 50.9, with a range 33-62. Of the ADAPTers, 48% (n = 13) had some prior experience with online teaching.
Learning Objects Produced by ADAPTers
By the end of the three ADAPT courses, 22 LOs had been produced using Wimba Create, Softchalk and Adobe Presenter; and several others were in-process. Targeted learners for these LOs include: First-year medical students; undergraduate nursing students; medical school clerkship students; residents in pathology, pediatrics and psychiatry; and graduate students in occupational therapy and preventive medicine-community health. Content of the LOs varied, including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Medicaid, the statistical concepts of reliability and validity, public health, photography for pathology, antidepressants and an orientation for a clinical rotation. The number of LOs continues to increase as ADAPTers work beyond the 12 months of the program. One ADAPTer has subsequently been awarded a federal grant to support large scale development of LOs for an interdisciplinary curriculum project. Several ADAPTERs are now helping their learners create online instructional materials.
ADAPTers' Evaluation of the Program
Likert scale data came from completed surveys for each unit: Instructional Design (20/27), Copyright (14/27), Peer Review (18/27), Wimba Create (8/9), SoftChalk (2/16), Adobe Presenter (11/27) and Video (7/27). T-tests showed that the mean scale score was significantly greater than the neutral scale score for: Instructional Design (mean scale = 4.05, SD = 0.35, t19 = 13.47, P < 0.01); Copyright (mean scale = 3.98, SD = 0.54, t13 = 6.78, P < 0.01); Peer Review (mean scale = 3.69, SD = 0.4, t17 = 8.78, P < 0.01); Wimba Create (mean scale = 3.99, SD = 0.71, t7 = 3.971, P < 0.01); Adobe Presenter (mean scale = 4.44, SD = 0.60, t10 = 7.98, P < 0.01); and Video (mean scale = 4.36, SD = 0.65, t7 = 5.49, P < 0.05). The number of completed surveys for SoftChalk (2) was insufficient for statistical analysis.
Qualitative analysis of the survey comments revealed positive perceptions of the instruction, the tools, and the overall program. ADAPTers evaluated the instructional materials as easy to access, engaging, and logically presented. They evaluated the software tools as easy to install, easy to learn, and useful for creating interactive modules. They also evaluated the overall program as positive for gaining skills for their teaching.
Five themes emerged from the qualitative analysis of interview data: Expressing Affect or Attitudes; Understanding Copyright Issues; Managing Time; Building an online FLC; and Developing Learning Objects. Successes and Challenges within each theme were identified from the data. Details are presented in [Table 2]. | Table 2: Themes identified by qualitative analysis of participant interview data
Click here to view |
The themes reflected that ADAPTers were confident in their new skills in online instruction yet were apprehensive about adapting to fast technological change. They gained increased comfort with copyright issues, but still worried about violating copyright. They experienced time challenges to complete creation of their own LOs. Although development of an online FLC was generally a success, some ADAPTers admitted reluctance to review their peers' work.
Toolbox and LO Repository
Since completion of the investigational program, all instructional units, software tutorials and installation guides have now been moved from the Blackboard course to an ADAPT Toolbox on a publicly available website. Many of the ADAPTers' LOs have now been posted for public access in the 'Successes' section of the ADAPT website. LOs created by the Leadership Team can be found in the 'Samples' section of the Toolbox.
| Discussion | | |
Responding to faculty's needs to create e-learning materials and to their challenges of time and place for faculty development, we investigated use of an online FLC as a method for faculty to learn to create e-learning materials. ADAPT was a year-long faculty development program conducted for three cohorts of interprofessional educators using online instructional units, asynchronous online discussions, synchronous online conference rooms, face-to-face labs, and individual consultations.
In a 2013 review of published articles about faculty development programs, Leslie et al. [23] recommend that evaluation of faculty development programs use multiple data sources and combine rigorous quantitative and qualitative methods. The ADAPT evaluation has done so. Outcome measures were participant surveys and interviews, participant products posted for sharing, and leadership-developed curriculum units now available in a toolbox.
Major successes for ADAPT were genuine enthusiasm and gratitude from participants. One participant stated "I would explain ADAPT as an exciting adventure in learning how to use new technology to augment my skills as a classroom teacher." Participants evaluated the online curriculum as clear, interactive, logically presented, easy to use and providing ample opportunities to practice. They found their new learning to be practical and applicable to their specific teaching needs and especially valued learning about copyright. They identified themselves as part of a learning community and were grateful for the support they received from the leadership team.
The quantitative analyses of unit evaluations identified overall positive participant evaluations. The survey questions were likely not sensitive enough for identifying their perceived concerns. In contrast, the qualitative analysis of interview data did reveal challenges experienced by the participants, including continued concern about copyright issues, reluctance to engage in peer review, and difficulty completing the work.
Participants frequently stated "not enough time" as an explanation for their lack of progress; but we suspect that other reasons underlie this ubiquitous excuse. Two factors made it easier for participants to prioritize their time to proceed through the instructional units or to learn new software. These were having an immediate need for LO development, not just a dream of one day doing so, and having instructional content already built. Some participants had weakly defined goals or project plans too large in scope to complete in a year; and in some instances, we were able to advise the participant to start small. Future research could investigate how traits of self-directedness correlate with successful LO development.
Participants agreed that a genuine FLC developed only partially. ADAPTers readily admitted they were reluctant to seek peer feedback, either because they felt their work was not yet worthy of review or they did not want to bother their peers. In contrast, they freely asked the leadership team for assistance and feedback. For any sense of lack of community, the participants took personal ownership. They felt responsible for not sharing enough with peers, and repeatedly gave credit to the leadership team for their efforts to foster group spirit. One participant reported "You … seem to always be available."
Indeed, we did try hard to keep the cohort connected. We explored use of the Blackboard discussion board tool, and we tried using a LISTSERV; but these conversations were more unidirectional from the leadership team to the participants, thus they felt forced and rather meaningless. We used email generously. Early in the program, faculty indicated that they liked the online model because being at many meetings was too restrictive. However, it became clear that they also appreciated face-to-face lab times. The most community interaction occurred during web-based synchronous teleconferencing from their homes, scheduled at 9:00 PM to accommodate the greatest number of participants. Participants also valued individual consultations for reinforcement of concepts and technical assistance.
We have identified several possible study limitations. One is that not every ADAPTER completed all units. We speculate that participants stopped either when they got what they needed out of the program or reached a personal time challenge. Even those who did not fully participate reported value from the program. A second limitation is that the Likert-scale questions likely were not sensitive enough for identifying participants' perceived concerns. However, the qualitative analyses were quite useful in identifying successes and challenges.
A third possible limitation of the study is that it was conducted with the faculty of only one academic health center. However, the teaching, research and clinical service responsibilities of our participants are typical for health sciences faculty; and we included nursing, graduate school and health professions faculty. Thus, it is reasonable to conclude that the findings can be generalized to other academic health centers.
A final limitation relates to the motivation of faculty to adopt new technologies. This study was conducted with faculty eager to learn new skills; yet the program would have been more difficult with more apprehensive or reticent faculty. As is true for any faculty development program, this is a program model best suited for volunteer rather than mandated participation.
Recommendations
We offer the following recommendations for others wanting to develop online faculty development programs for creating e-learning materials.
- Build on what faculty already know: Participants were building LOs on content well-known to them. We chose tools that built on their existing skills (i.e. software which transform Microsoft PowerPoint and Word presentations)
- Identify available resources: We chose to focus on Wimba Create, SoftChalk, Adobe Presenter, and Windows Movie Maker because our faculty had access to these products.
- Model best practices: We took care with our instructional units to model best practices in design, copyright adherence, interactivity and reusability
- Attend to instructional design: LOs have a permanency that live lectures do not, thus it is important to aim for quality in content, design and delivery. Focus not only on the technical aspects of building LOs, but also on instructional design and development of learning objectives. We required ADAPTers to complete the Instructional Design unit first
- Emphasize copyright: Early in the program, we provided foundation and practice exercises for understanding copyright issues for LOs
- Encourage content development before learning software: Participants with already-prepared content were more likely to complete creation of an LO
- Provide support: We provided many-time and any-place support by making a genuine commitment to be available to participants (even if late at night), using remote desktop sharing, email, telephone, office calls and both morning and afternoon choices for labs
- Provide feedback: Develop strategies for providing feedback both on content and on instructional design. Perhaps it is not as important who gives feedback, as long as someone does
- Recognize and reward success: We posted ADAPTers' LOs on our website, announced success to the ADAPT community, and provided certificates of program completion. Although the program application required a chair's letter of support, assurance for protected time was not mandatory. We speculate that the rate of LO completion could be increased if time to develop LOs were explicitly valued as much as time to develop or give lectures (e.g. teaching credits). Recognition could also be made through an award program for innovative LOs
- Expect changing technologies: We experienced a number of technology changes in the three years of this project (e.g. revolution of mobile apps, new software releases). Continued change will require updates of instructional materials, but more importantly, will challenge your program's goals and planning. Be adaptable.
Summary
From both content and process frameworks, ADAPT was a faculty development success. The content of the program was learning to create e-learning materials. All participants began development of new teaching materials and several completed and implemented their products. The program process was a blending of mostly online instruction with supportive face-to-face interactions. Teaching strategies included self-instructional modules, labs, web-based discussions and individualized consultations offered face-to-face or with desktop sharing. Through experiential learning, participants gained insight into the anytime-anyplace learning environment which their learners experience. We believe our goal was accomplished to use online methods to teach development of e-learning materials. In addition to the products created, we established a cadre of faculty who can confidently build e-learning materials and help others.
| Acknowledgments | | |
The authors thank Marney Gundlach, MD, MPH, MEd for her assistance with this project.
| References | | |
| 1. | Masie E. Learning in a flatter world. Texas Distance Learning Association 10 th Annual Conference. March 26-29, Galveston, TX, USA; 2007.  |
| 2. | Young JR. Short and sweet: Technology shrinks the lecture. Chron High Educ 2008;54:A9. |
| 3. | |
| 4. | Robin BR, McNeil SG, Cook DA, Agarwal KL, Singhal GR. Preparing for the changing role of instructional technologies in medical education. Acad Med 2011;86:435-9. |
| 5. | Robin BR, McNeil SG. More about technology-enhanced learning in medical education: Reply. Acad Med 2012;87:255-6. |
| 6. | Cox MD, Richlin L. Building faculty learning communities: New directions for teaching and learning. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass; 2004. |
| 7. | Gruppen LD, Simpson D, Searle NS, Robins L, Irby DM, Mullan PB. Educational fellowship programs: Common themes and overarching issues. Acad Med 2006;81:990-4. |
| 8. | Muller JH, Irby DM. Developing educational leaders: The Teaching Scholars Program at the University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine. Acad Med 2006;81:959-64. |
| 9. | Rosenbaum ME, Lenoch S, Ferguson KJ. Increasing departmental and college-wide faculty development opportunities through a Teaching Scholars Program. Acad Med 2006;81:965-8. |
| 10. | Simpson DE, Bragg D, Biernat K, Treat R. Outcomes results from the evaluation of the APA/HRSA Faculty Scholars Program. Ambul Pediatr 2004;4 (1 Suppl):103-12. |
| 11. | Steinert Y. Commentary: Faculty development: The road less traveled. Acad Med 2011;86:409-11. |
| 12. | Thorndyke LE, Gusic ME, George JH, Quillen DA, Milner RJ. Empowering junior faculty: Penn State′s faculty development and mentoring program. Acad Med 2006;81:668-73. |
| 13. | Niebuhr B, Marion R. Exploring the limits of on-line community: Chat and one-way video. Texas Distance Learning Association 8 th Annual Conference. March 7-9, Fort Worth, TX, USA; 2005. |
| 14. | Anshu, Bansal P, Mennin SG, Burdick WP, Singh T. Online faculty development for medical educators: Experience of a South Asian program. Educ Health (Abingdon) 2008;21:175. |
| 15. | McKimm J, Swanwick T. Web-based faculty development: E-learning for clinical teachers in the London Deanery. Clin Teach 2010;7:58-62. |
| 16. | Lewis KO, Baker RC. Teaching medical professionals online: A cross-discipline experience. Med Teach 2010;32:262-4. |
| 17. | Curran VR, Fleet L. A review of evaluation outcomes of web-based continuing medical education. Med Educ 2005;39:561-7. |
| 18. | Fordis M, King JE, Ballantyne CM, Jones PH, Schneider KH, Spann SJ, et al. Comparison of the instructional efficacy of Internet-based CME with live interactive CME workshops-A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2005;294:1043-51. |
| 19. | Hugenholtz NI, de Croon EM, Smits PB, van Dijk FJ, Nieuwenhuijsen K. Effectiveness of e-learning in continuing medical education for occupational physicians. Occup Med (Lond) 2008;58:370-2. |
| 20. | Churchill D. Towards a useful classification of learning objects. Educ Technol Res Dev 2007;55:479-97. |
| 21. | Glicken AD. Qualitative research. In: Blessing JD, Forister JG, eds. Introduction to research and medical literature for health professionals. Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning; 2013. |
| 22. | Hanson JL, Balmer DF, Giardino AP. Qualitative research methods for medical educators. Acad Pediatr 2011;11:375-86. |
| 23. | Leslie K, Baker L, Egan-Lee E, Esdaile M, Reeves S. Advancing faculty development in medical education: A systematic review. Acad Med 2013;88:1038-45. |
[Table 1], [Table 2]
| This article has been cited by | | 1 |
Understanding the Functional Components of Technology-Enhanced Learning Environment in Medical Education: A Scoping Review |
|
| Noor-i-Kiran Naeem, Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff, Siti Nurma Hanim Hadie, Irwan Mahazir Ismail, Haris Iqbal | | Medical Science Educator. 2023; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 2 |
Medical School Faculty Perceptions of Online Education: Implications for the Future of Medical Education |
|
| Anita Samuel, Beth King, Ronald M. Cervero | | American Journal of Distance Education. 2023; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 3 |
Are students performing the same in E-learning and In-person education? An introspective look at learning environments from an Iranian medical school standpoint |
|
| Haniye Mastour, Ali Emadzadeh, Omid Hamidi Haji Abadi, Shabnam Niroumand | | BMC Medical Education. 2023; 23(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 4 |
Online education for prosthetics and orthotics students in the era of COVID-19 pandemic in Iran: challenges, opportunities, and recommendations |
|
| Maryam Jalali, Vahideh Moradi, Taher Babaee, Gholamreza Aminian, Parviz Mojgani, Saeed Shahabi | | BMC Medical Education. 2023; 23(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 5 |
Nursing Student's Satisfaction With Virtual Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic in India |
|
| Puvaneswari Kanagaraj, Rajathi Sakthivel, Preetha Carolin Christhumary, Judie Arulappan, Gerald Amandu Matua, Umavalli Subramanian, Anbueswari Kanagaraj, Jessy Jacob, Hemamalini Muniyandi | | SAGE Open Nursing. 2022; 8: 2377960822 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 6 |
Exploring the impacts of learning modality changes: Validation of the learning modality change community of inquiry and self-efficacy scales |
|
| Yuane Jia, Peggy Gesing, Hyun-Jin Jun, Amanda K. Burbage, Thuha Hoang, Violet Kulo, Christina Cestone, Sarah McBrien, Joni Tornwall | | Education and Information Technologies. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 7 |
Difficultés et pistes de solutions pour l’enseignement médical ŕ distance au cours de la pandémie Covid-19 dans un pays en voie de développement |
|
| Radia Chakiri, Soukaina Wakrim | | Pédagogie Médicale. 2022; 23(3): 155 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 8 |
Challenges at Technology Adoption in Academic Learning among Students during the COVID-19 Lockdown |
|
| Devina E Rodrigues, Neetha Kamath, Renita Priya D Souza | | Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU. 2022; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 9 |
EVALUATION OF ONLINE LEARNING PROCESS OF INTERN DENTAL STUDENTS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD: A SURVEY |
|
| Gaye KESER, Filiz NAMDAR PEKINER | | Atatürk Üniversitesi Dis Hekimligi Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022; : 1 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 10 |
To find the impact on learning among phase 1 MBBS students during COVID-19 pandemic |
|
| Vijatha Thomas, Arun T Mithrason | | International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research. 2022; 9(3): 238 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 11 |
Formation of the research competence of future doctors on the principles of the organization of their cognitive activity |
|
| ????? ????????? ?????????? | | Management of Education. 2021; (4(44)): 179 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 12 |
Veterinary Education during Covid-19 and Beyond—Challenges and Mitigating Approaches |
|
| Jennifer Routh,Sharmini Julita Paramasivam,Peter Cockcroft,Vishna Devi Nadarajah,Kamalan Jeevaratnam | | Animals. 2021; 11(6): 1818 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 13 |
Changes in undergraduate medical education practices during COVID-19 pandemic |
|
| Mukund Sable, Saurav Sarkar, Vinaykumar Hallur, Priyadarshini Mishra | | Indian Journal of Community and Family Medicine. 2021; 7(2): 144 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 14 |
Virtual learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: What are the barriers and how to overcome them? |
|
| SujataYadneshwar Khobragade, HtooHtoo Kyaw Soe, YadneshwarSudam Khobragade, AdinegaraLutfi bin Abas | | Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2021; 10(1): 360 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 15 |
Planning, Implementation and Evaluation of Active Learning- Teaching Methods in Inverted Classroom,Peer Learning and Virtual Education among Students in the School of Allied Medical Sciences |
|
| A Omidkhoda, H Dehdarirad, V Changizi | | Research in Medical Education. 2021; 13(3): 42 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 16 |
Online learning for undergraduate health professional education during COVID-19: Jordanian medical studentsć attitudes and perceptions |
|
| Suhaib Muflih,Sawsan Abuhammad,Sayer Al-Azzam,Karem H. Alzoubi,Mohammad Muflih,Reema Karasneh | | Heliyon. 2021; : e08031 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 17 |
E-learning versus face-to-face training: Comparison of two learning methods for Lyme borreliosis |
|
| M. Gaudin, G. Tanguy, M. Plagne, A. Saussac, Y. Hansmann, B. Jaulhac, M. Kelly, L. Ouchchane, O. Lesens | | Infectious Diseases Now. 2021; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 18 |
Students’ perception of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic |
|
| Michal Baczek,Michalina Zaganczyk-Baczek,Monika Szpringer,Andrzej Jaroszynski,Beata Wozakowska-Kaplon | | Medicine. 2021; 100(7): e24821 | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 19 |
Online learning in proton radiation therapy: the future in the post-Covid-19 pandemic era? |
|
| William Croxford, Anna France, Matthew Clarke, Lauren Hewitt, Karen Kirkby, Ranald Mackay, Jane Miller, Ganesh Radhakrishna, Alison Sanneh, Ed Smith, Shermaine Pan | | BJR|Open. 2021; 3(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 20 |
Challenges and opportunities from the COVID-19 pandemic in medical education: a qualitative study |
|
| Ali Asghar Hayat,Mohmmad Hasan Keshavarzi,Soolmaz Zare,Leila Bazrafcan,Rita Rezaee,Seyed Aliakbar Faghihi,Mitra Amini,Javad Kojuri | | BMC Medical Education. 2021; 21(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 21 |
Medical students’ perception towards E-learning during COVID 19 pandemic in a high burden developing country |
|
| Mohamed Daffalla-Awadalla Gismalla,Mohamed Soud Mohamed,Omaima Salah O Ibrahim,Moawia Mohammed Ali Elhassan,Mohamed NaserEldeen Mohamed | | BMC Medical Education. 2021; 21(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 22 |
The sudden transition to synchronized online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study exploring medical students’ perspectives |
|
| Rehana Khalil,Ali E. Mansour,Walaa A. Fadda,Khaled Almisnid,Mohammed Aldamegh,Abdullah Al-Nafeesah,Azzam Alkhalifah,Osama Al-Wutayd | | BMC Medical Education. 2020; 20(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 23 |
Development and evaluation of an online course about the social accountability of medical schools |
|
| Mohamed E. Abdalla,Charles Boelen,Wail N. Osman | | Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences. 2019; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 24 |
Barriers and solutions to online learning in medical education – an integrative review |
|
| Diane O’Doherty,Marie Dromey,Justan Lougheed,Ailish Hannigan,Jason Last,Deirdre McGrath | | BMC Medical Education. 2018; 18(1) | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | | | 25 |
A university’s strategic adoption process of an PBL-aligned eLearning environment: an exploratory case study |
|
| Greg Blackburn | | Educational Technology Research and Development. 2016; | | [Pubmed] | [DOI] | |
|
 |
|
|
|
Search Pubmed for